1991 के आर्थिक उदारीकरण के बाद की भारतीय अर्थव्यवस्था के संबंध में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए :
1. शहरी क्षेत्रों में श्रमिक की उत्पादकता (2004 - 05 की कीमतों पर प्रति श्रमिक ₹) में वृद्धि हुई जबकि ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में इसमें कमी हुई ।
2. कार्यबल में ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों की प्रतिशत हिस्सेदारी में सतत वृद्धि हुई ।
3. ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में, गैर-कृषि अर्थव्यवस्था में वृद्धि हुई ।
4. ग्रामीण रोज़गार की वृद्धि दर में कमी आई ।
उपर्युक्त कथनों में से कौन-सा/से सही है/हैं ?
सही उत्तर (B) (b) 3 and 4 only है।
व्याख्या:
Worker productivity has comparatively increased both in the urban as well as the rural areas. As per the 2017 report of NITI Aayog, in rural areas worker productivity was Rs. 37,273 per worker in 2004-05 and it increased to Rs. 1,01,755 per worker in 2011-12. While, in urban areas it increased from Rs. 1,20,419 per worker in 2004-05 to Rs. 2,82,515 per worker in 2011-12. (Statement 1 is not correct) The rural share in the total workforce declined steadily from 76.1 per cent in 1999-00 to 70.9 per cent in 2011-12. Due to a faster reduction in the rural share in total employment than in national NDP (Net Domestic Product), the difference between the rural share in output and employment narrowed down to 24 per cent by the year 2011-12. (Statement 2 is not correct) The share of the manufacturing and service sector has increased in the Rural NDP, taking the place of the decline in the share of contribution of the agricultural sector in the Rural NDP. (Statement 3 is correct) The growth rate in rural employment has decreased, even going negative in the 2005-12 time period. (Statement 4 is correct)
In English (Question & Model Answer)
With reference to the Indian economy after the 1991 economic liberalization, consider the following statements :
1. Worker productivity (₹ per worker at 2004-05 prices) increased in urban areas while it decreased in rural areas.
2. The percentage share of rural areas in the workforce steadily increased.
3. In rural areas, the growth in non-farm economy increased.
4. The growth rate in rural employment decreased.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?
The correct answer is (B) (b) 3 and 4 only.
Explanation:
Worker productivity has comparatively increased both in the urban as well as the rural areas. As per the 2017 report of NITI Aayog, in rural areas worker productivity was Rs. 37,273 per worker in 2004-05 and it increased to Rs. 1,01,755 per worker in 2011-12. While, in urban areas it increased from Rs. 1,20,419 per worker in 2004-05 to Rs. 2,82,515 per worker in 2011-12. (Statement 1 is not correct) The rural share in the total workforce declined steadily from 76.1 per cent in 1999-00 to 70.9 per cent in 2011-12. Due to a faster reduction in the rural share in total employment than in national NDP (Net Domestic Product), the difference between the rural share in output and employment narrowed down to 24 per cent by the year 2011-12. (Statement 2 is not correct) The share of the manufacturing and service sector has increased in the Rural NDP, taking the place of the decline in the share of contribution of the agricultural sector in the Rural NDP. (Statement 3 is correct) The growth rate in rural employment has decreased, even going negative in the 2005-12 time period. (Statement 4 is correct)