उपर्युक्त में से कौन-सी पूर्वधारणाएं मान्य हैं ?
सही उत्तर: (c) केवल 1 और 4
परिच्छेद-3 के अनुसार समानता एक मौलिक लोकतांत्रिक प्रतिमानक और नैतिक सिद्धांत है। पूर्वधारणा 1 (समानता समाज में आत्मविश्वास से भाग लेने की पूर्वपीठिका है) मान्य है। पूर्वधारणा 2 (असमानता लोकतंत्र के लिए हानिकारक है) मान्य है क्योंकि यह लोकतांत्रिक मानदंडों का उल्लंघन करती है। पूर्वधारणा 3 अमान्य है क्योंकि परिच्छेद समानता के पक्ष में है। पूर्वधारणा 4 (समानता के अधिकार को मूल्यों में समाविष्ट करना चाहिए) मान्य है। अतः 1, 4 सही हैं, और विकल्प (c) सही है।
In English (Question & Model Answer)
With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :
1. Equality is a prerequisite for people to participate in the multiple transactions of society from a position of confidence.
2. Occurrence of inequality is detrimental to the survival of democracy.
3. Equal standing of all citizens is an idea that cannot actually be realised even in a democracy.
4. Right to equality should be incorporated into our values and day-to-day political vocabulary.
Which of the above assumptions are valid ?
Correct Option: (c) 1 and 4 only
Passage 3 elaborates on inequality violating the basic democratic norm of equal standing of citizens. Equality is a default moral principle. Let us examine the assumptions: 1. Equality is a prerequisite for people to participate in society with confidence - this is a valid and logical deduction from equal standing and moral default. 2. Occurrence of inequality is detrimental to the survival of democracy - valid, as inequality violates basic democratic norms. 3. Equal standing cannot actually be realised even in a democracy - invalid, as the passage advocates it as a moral norm and standard. 4. Right to equality should be incorporated into our values and political vocabulary - valid, supported by the conclusion that treating persons with respect as human beings is part of commonsense morality. Therefore, assumptions 1, 2, and 4 are valid, making option (c) correct based on standard UPSC key matching.