Mention main Non-conventional Sources of energy of India.

Non-Conventional (Renewable) Sources of Energy in India:

To combat climate change, reduce fossil import reliance, and achieve Net Zero carbon emissions by 2070, India has aggressively expanded non-conventional renewable energy (surpassing 180+ GW installed capacity):

• 1. Solar Energy (सौर ऊर्जा - Top National Focus):
  • Vast tropical solar insolation (300 sunny days); installed capacity $>75 ext{ GW}$. Mega solar parks: Bhadla Solar Park (2,245 MW - Rajasthan), Pavagada (Karnataka), and Rewa Ultra Mega Solar (750 MW - MP); PM-KUSUM scheme for farmers.
• 2. Wind Energy (पवन ऊर्जा - $>45 ext{ GW}$ Installed):
  • Harnessed along high-velocity coastal/plateau corridors: Muppandal Wind Farm (Tamil Nadu - 1,500 MW), Gujarat (Kutch), Maharashtra, and Dewas/Ratlam in MP.
• 3. Biomass & Biogas Energy (जैव ऊर्जा):
  • Agro-waste and bagasse cogeneration in sugar mills; SATAT initiative promoting Compressed Bio-Gas (CBG / Bio-CNG plant in Indore).
• 4. Small Hydro, Tidal & Geothermal Energy:
  • Tidal potential in Gulf of Khambhat and Gulf of Kutch; Geothermal energy at Puga Valley (Ladakh) and Manikaran (HP).