Write a short note on Swaraj Party.

The Swaraj Party (स्वराज पार्टी - Founded January 1923):

Following the abrupt withdrawal of the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1922, the Congress-Khilafat Swaraj Party was founded at the Gaya Congress session (1922) by Deshbandhu Chittaranjan Das (President) and Pandit Motilal Nehru (Secretary):

• 1. Ideological Objective ("Council Entry" / Pro-Changers):
  • To enter British legislative councils and "wreck the Government of India Act 1919 from within" through continuous parliamentary obstruction, ending the political despondency.
• 2. Significant Achievements:
  • Won 42 out of 101 elected seats in the Central Legislative Assembly in the 1923 elections; formed dominant coalitions in Central Provinces (MP) and Bengal.
  • Elected Vithalbhai Patel as the First Indian Speaker / President of the Central Legislative Assembly (1925).
  • Defeated British oppressive legislation (Public Safety Bill 1928) and forced the appointment of the Muddiman Committee on Dyarchy.
• Conclusion: Re-energized the nationalist movement until the launch of the Civil Disobedience Movement (1930).