Write various stages of Indian development after independence.

Evolutionary Epochs of Indian Economic Development Post-Independence:

1. Phase-I (1947–1965: State-Led Planning & Import Substitution):
   • Nehru-Mahalanobis strategy prioritizing heavy capital-goods industrialization, state-owned PSUs, and mega multipurpose river-valley projects.
2. Phase-II (1966–1980: Agrarian Transformation & Financial Nationalization):
   • Rollout of the Green Revolution achieving grain self-sufficiency; landmark 1969 bank nationalization.
3. Phase-III (1980–1991: Incremental Deregulation):
   • Early piecemeal industrial delicensing and modern telecom initiatives.
4. Phase-IV (1991–2014: Structural LPG Reforms & High Growth Matrix):
   • Liberalization, Privatization, and Globalization dismantling the License Raj; IT-BPO export boom.
5. Phase-V (2014–Present: Digital Public Infrastructure & Self-Reliance):
   • NITI Aayog, JAM-UPI digital public rails, GST tax integration, PLI manufacturing, and Aatmanirbhar Bharat.