Throw light on the contribution of Raja Todarmal on the development of Dahsala Settlement.

Contribution of Raja Todar Mal to the Development of the Dahsala Settlement (1580 A.D.):

Raja Todar Mal, the genius finance and revenue minister (Diwan-i-Kul / Mushrif-i-Diwan) of Mughal Emperor Akbar, instituted the landmark Ain-i-Dahsala (Ten-Year Land Revenue System) in 1580 A.D.:

• 1. Scientific 10-Year Average Calculation (1570–1580):
  • Calculated the average agricultural crop yield and prevailing market prices over the preceding 10 years (15th to 24th regnal year of Akbar).
  • State share was fixed scientifically at one-third ($1/3 ext{rd}$) of the average produce, converted into cash (Dastur-ul-Amal).
• 2. Standardization of Land Measurement (Zabti System):
  • Replaced the flexible hemp measurement rope with the standardized iron-ringed bamboo rod called Tanab / Ilahi Gaz (41 digits / ~33 inches), using the Bigha (60x60 yards) as standard land unit.
• 3. Four-Fold Land Classification:
  1. Polaj: Cultivated continuously every year (full revenue).
  2. Parauti: Left fallow for 1–2 years to recover fertility.
  3. Chachar: Fallow for 3–4 years.
  4. Banjar: Uncultivated for 5+ years (nominal progressive tax).
• 4. Institutional Security: Introduced revenue documents Patta (title deed) and Qabuliyat (peasant agreement), eliminating corrupt intermediaries.