Discuss briefly the contribution of former President of India honourable Late Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam in the field of science and technology.

Scientific and Technological Contributions of Former President Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam:

1. 'Missile Man of India' (IGMDP Architecture): Directed DRDO's Integrated Guided Missile Development Programme (1983), indigenously engineering the iconic 'PATNA' tactical missile arsenal: Prithvi, Agni, Trishul, Nag, and Akash.
2. Pioneering Space Launch Capability (SLV-3): Project Director for India's first indigenous Satellite Launch Vehicle SLV-3 (1980), deploying the Rohini satellite.
3. Pokhran-II Nuclear Tests (Operation Shakti, 1998): Served as Chief Scientific Adviser orchestrating the weaponization of India's nuclear deterrence capability.
4. Biomedical Innovation: Co-developed the indigenous low-cost Kalam-Raju Coronary Stent and ultra-light composite calipers for polio-affected children.
5. India Vision 2020: Formulating a national technology-driven roadmap to transform India into a developed knowledge economy.