Elucidate briefly the composition and powers of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes.

Composition and Powers of National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST / Art. 338A):

• 1. Constitutional Genesis & Composition:
  • Created as a separate constitutional body via the 89th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2003.
  • Consists of a Chairperson, a Vice-Chairperson, and 3 full-time Members (at least one must be a woman), appointed by the President by warrant under his hand and seal (3-year tenure).
• 2. Core Powers and Functions:
  • Investigation & Monitoring: Inquires into specific complaints regarding deprivation of rights and constitutional safeguards of STs (PESA Act, Forest Rights Act 2006).
  • Civil Court Powers (Art. 338A(8)): Powers of a Civil Court while investigating — summoning witnesses, discovery/production of documents, and requisitioning public records.
  • Mandatory Consultation: Union and State governments must consult NCST on all major policy matters affecting Scheduled Tribes.
  • Annual Reporting: Submits annual reports to the President recommending measures for tribal welfare.