Write the types of seismic waves.

Types and Classification of Seismic Waves (भूकंपीय तरंगें):

Generated at the earthquake focus (Hypocenter) and recorded on Seismographs, classified into two primary categories:

• 1. Body Waves (भूगर्भिक तरंगें - Travel through Earth's interior):
  • P-Waves (Primary / Longitudinal / Compressional Waves): Fastest waves ($6 ext{–}8 ext{ km/s}$); particle vibration parallel to propagation; travel through solids, liquids, and gases (sound-wave analog).
  • S-Waves (Secondary / Transverse / Shear Waves): Slower ($3.5 ext{–}4.5 ext{ km/s}$); particle vibration perpendicular to propagation; travel only through solids (light-wave analog, creating core shadow zones).
• 2. Surface Waves (धरातलीय तरंगें - Travel along Earth's surface):
  • L-Waves (Love Waves): Transverse horizontal shearing surface waves.
  • Rayleigh Waves: Rolling elliptical retrograde particle motion; slowest speed, highest amplitude, and most destructive to civil structures.