In the first stage of the National Movement, which one among the following was not the demand of the Congress?

The correct answer is (D) Unification of Executive and Judiciary.

• During the first phase of the Indian National Movement (the Moderate Phase, 1885-1905), the Indian National Congress primarily demanded administrative reforms, greater representation of Indians in governance, and civil liberties, rather than radical systemic overhauls.
• Key demands raised by the early Congress included the expansion and reform of the Legislative Councils, an increase in the number of elected public representatives, and the structural Separation of Executive and Judiciary to ensure fair trials and prevent abuse of administrative power.
• Option (D) is incorrect because the Congress never demanded the unification of the executive and judiciary; rather, they vehemently advocated for their separation, which later became enshrined in Article 50 of the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Indian Constitution. Options (A), (B), and (C) were all genuine and core demands of the early National Congress.