Which Act established the Dyarchy system in the Provinces?

The correct answer is (B) The Government of India Act of 1919.

• The Government of India Act of 1919, also known as the Montagu-Chelmsford Reforms, introduced the system of Dyarchy (dual rule) in the provinces of British India. Under this system, the provincial subjects of administration were divided into two categories: Transferred subjects (administered by the Governor with ministers responsible to the legislative council) and Reserved subjects (administered by the Governor and his executive council).
• This Act was a significant milestone in constitutional development, marking the first substantial step towards introducing a representative and responsible government in India, and it established a bicameral legislature at the centre.
• Option (A) introduced provincial autonomy and abolished provincial dyarchy while introducing it at the centre; Option (C) initiated the policy of association of Indians in the law-making process; and Option (D) introduced separate electorates for Muslims and is known for communal representation rather than dyarchy.