Which of the following is a cyber security threat?

The correct answer is (A) Phishing.

• Phishing is a malicious cyber security threat where attackers impersonate legitimate organizations or individuals via electronic communications, typically email, to deceive users into sensitive information disclosure such as login credentials, passwords, and financial details.
• It represents a critical social engineering attack vector that exploits human psychology rather than technical software vulnerabilities, making employee awareness and multi-factor authentication vital countermeasures.
• Firewall, Encryption, and Antivirus are proactive defensive cyber security mechanisms used for network protection, data security, and malware removal respectively, unlike phishing which is an active threat vector.