Based on the passage:
The process by which countries close their labour-productivity gap with the technology leader is based on convergence theory. The convergence model divides economic eras into three phases : the breakaway, the catch-up, and the fine-tuning phase. It also divides economic entities into two categories : the technology leaders and the technology followers. The process begins with the development of a new technology, such as scavenging three million years ago (MYA), hunting—one MYA, farming—12 thousand years ago, and industrial technology—a little more than 200 years ago. During the breakaway phase, the per capita income of the technology leaders (e.g., Western Europe and North America in the industrial era) rises, but is unchanged for the technology followers. In the catch-up phase, the followers adopt the new technology and close their per capita income gap with the technology leaders. In the fine-tuning phase, where participants try to extract the remaining benefits from an increasingly exhausted technology, leaders and followers have similar per capita incomes.

Which of the following conclusions are correct?
1. In the breakaway phase, economic progress is slow for the technology followers.
2. In the catch-up phase, leaders stagnate and followers, therefore, close the gap between them and the leaders.
3. In the fine-tuning phase, technology is exhausted, as it were, and both leaders and followers attempt to extract leftover benefits, leading to more or less similar per capita income levels.
4. Industrial technology followed scavenging, which preceded hunting, which itself was followed by farming.

Select the answer using the code given below.

Question

Based on the passage:
The process by which countries close their labour-productivity gap with the technology leader is based on convergence theory. The convergence model divides economic eras into three phases : the breakaway, the catch-up, and the fine-tuning phase. It also divides economic entities into two categories : the technology leaders and the technology followers. The process begins with the development of a new technology, such as scavenging three million years ago (MYA), hunting—one MYA, farming—12 thousand years ago, and industrial technology—a little more than 200 years ago. During the breakaway phase, the per capita income of the technology leaders (e.g., Western Europe and North America in the industrial era) rises, but is unchanged for the technology followers. In the catch-up phase, the followers adopt the new technology and close their per capita income gap with the technology leaders. In the fine-tuning phase, where participants try to extract the remaining benefits from an increasingly exhausted technology, leaders and followers have similar per capita incomes.

Which of the following conclusions are correct?
1. In the breakaway phase, economic progress is slow for the technology followers.
2. In the catch-up phase, leaders stagnate and followers, therefore, close the gap between them and the leaders.
3. In the fine-tuning phase, technology is exhausted, as it were, and both leaders and followers attempt to extract leftover benefits, leading to more or less similar per capita income levels.
4. Industrial technology followed scavenging, which preceded hunting, which itself was followed by farming.

Select the answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (a) 3 and 4 only Let's evaluate the statements based on the convergence theory passage. Statement 1 is incorrect because in the breakaway phase, the per capita income of technology leaders rises while it is unchanged for followers, implying slow or stagnant relative progress, but the phrase 'economic progress is slow for the technology followers' doesn't quite capture the exact technical nuance or is partially incorrect as they don't grow yet. Wait, let's check Statement 2: 'In the catch-up phase, leaders stagnate and followers, therefore, close the gap'—the passage states leaders' income already rose in breakaway, but in catch-up followers adopt the tech and close the gap; it does not say leaders stagnate. Statement 3 is correct: 'In the fine-tuning phase, where participants try to extract the remaining benefits from an increasingly exhausted technology, leaders and followers have similar per capita incomes.' Statement 4 is correct: The text lists the development chronologically: scavenging (3 MYA) -> hunting (1 MYA) -> farming (12 thousand years ago) -> industrial technology (200 years ago). So industrial technology followed scavenging, which preceded hunting, which itself was followed by farming (Wait, scavenging preceded hunting, and hunting preceded farming, and industrial technology followed). Let's verify statement 4: 'Industrial technology followed scavenging, which preceded hunting, which itself was followed by farming.' Yes, scavenging (3 MYA) preceded hunting (1 MYA), and hunting was followed by farming (12k YA). Therefore, 3 and 4 are correct.

Select the answer using the code given below.

हिंदी में प्रश्न एवं आदर्श उत्तर