Passage 5:
Economic liberalization in India was shaped largely by the economic problems of the government than by the economic priorities of the people or by the long-term development objectives. Thus, there were limitations in conception and design which have been subsequently validated by experience. Jobless growth, persistent poverty and rising inequality have mounted as problems since economic liberalization began. And all these years later, four quiet crises confront the economy; agriculture, infrastructure, industrialization and education as constraints on the country's future prospects. These problems must be resolved if economic growth has to be sustained and transformed into meaningful development.

Which of the following is/are the most rational and logical inference/inferences that can be made from the passage?
1. It is essential to rethink and redefine the economic role of the State in the quest for development.
2. India has not made effective implementation of its policies in social sectors nor made sufficient investments in them.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Question

Passage 5:
Economic liberalization in India was shaped largely by the economic problems of the government than by the economic priorities of the people or by the long-term development objectives. Thus, there were limitations in conception and design which have been subsequently validated by experience. Jobless growth, persistent poverty and rising inequality have mounted as problems since economic liberalization began. And all these years later, four quiet crises confront the economy; agriculture, infrastructure, industrialization and education as constraints on the country's future prospects. These problems must be resolved if economic growth has to be sustained and transformed into meaningful development.

Which of the following is/are the most rational and logical inference/inferences that can be made from the passage?
1. It is essential to rethink and redefine the economic role of the State in the quest for development.
2. India has not made effective implementation of its policies in social sectors nor made sufficient investments in them.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (c) Both 1 and 2 Passage 5 states that economic liberalization in India was shaped by government economic problems rather than long-term development objectives, resulting in jobless growth, poverty, inequality, and four quiet crises (agriculture, infrastructure, industrialization, education). Evaluating the inferences: 1. It is essential to rethink and redefine the economic role of the State in the quest for development: Since the initial design had limitations and structural crises persist across critical sectors like education, agriculture, and infrastructure, rethinking the state's economic role and planning is a logical inference. 2. India has not made effective implementation of its policies in social sectors nor made sufficient investments in them: The persistence of poverty, inequality, and education as a quiet crisis directly supports the inference that social sector policies and investments require better execution and enhancement. Therefore, both 1 and 2 are valid inferences.

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