Passage 2:
In India, the current focus on the right to privacy is based on some new realities of the digital age. A right is a substantive right only if it works in all situations, and for everyone. A right to free expression for an individual about her exploitation, for instance, is meaningless without actual availability of security that guarantees that private force cannot be used to thwart this right. The role of the State, therefore, is not just to abstain from preventing rightful free expression, but also to actively ensure that private parties are not able to block it.

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. State should have some institutions to ensure its appropriate role in a digital society.
2. State should ensure that private parties do not violate the citizens' right to privacy.
3. Digital economy is not compatible with the idea of not violating the citizens' privacy.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

Question

Passage 2:
In India, the current focus on the right to privacy is based on some new realities of the digital age. A right is a substantive right only if it works in all situations, and for everyone. A right to free expression for an individual about her exploitation, for instance, is meaningless without actual availability of security that guarantees that private force cannot be used to thwart this right. The role of the State, therefore, is not just to abstain from preventing rightful free expression, but also to actively ensure that private parties are not able to block it.

On the basis of the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. State should have some institutions to ensure its appropriate role in a digital society.
2. State should ensure that private parties do not violate the citizens' right to privacy.
3. Digital economy is not compatible with the idea of not violating the citizens' privacy.

Which of the above assumptions is/are valid?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (d) 2 only Assumption 1: The passage discusses the role of the State in ensuring rights, but it does not explicitly state that new specific institutions must be created; hence 1 is not necessarily a direct assumption. Assumption 2: The passage explicitly states that the role of the State is to actively ensure that private parties are not able to block/violate rights (such as privacy and free expression). This directly supports 2. Assumption 3: The passage discusses the digital age and privacy, but it never claims that the digital economy is inherently incompatible with the idea of not violating privacy; rather, it emphasizes regulatory protection by the State. Thus, 3 is invalid. Therefore, only assumption 2 is valid, making option (d) correct.

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