Passage - 3
Inequality violates a basic democratic norm : the equal standing of citizens. Equality is a relation that obtains between persons in respect of some fundamental characteristic that they share in common. Equality is, morally speaking, a default principle. Therefore, persons should not be discriminated on grounds such as race, caste, gender, ethnicity, disability, or class. These features of human condition are morally irrelevant. The idea that one should treat persons with respect not only because some of these persons possess some special features or talent, for example skilled cricketers, gifted musicians, or literary giants, but because persons are human beings, is by now part of commonsense morality.

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :
1. Equality is a prerequisite for people to participate in the multiple transactions of society from a position of confidence.
2. Occurrence of inequality is detrimental to the survival of democracy.
3. Equal standing of all citizens is an idea that cannot actually be realised even in a democracy.
4. Right to equality should be incorporated into our values and day-to-day political vocabulary.

Which of the above assumptions are valid ?

Question

Passage - 3
Inequality violates a basic democratic norm : the equal standing of citizens. Equality is a relation that obtains between persons in respect of some fundamental characteristic that they share in common. Equality is, morally speaking, a default principle. Therefore, persons should not be discriminated on grounds such as race, caste, gender, ethnicity, disability, or class. These features of human condition are morally irrelevant. The idea that one should treat persons with respect not only because some of these persons possess some special features or talent, for example skilled cricketers, gifted musicians, or literary giants, but because persons are human beings, is by now part of commonsense morality.

With reference to the above passage, the following assumptions have been made :
1. Equality is a prerequisite for people to participate in the multiple transactions of society from a position of confidence.
2. Occurrence of inequality is detrimental to the survival of democracy.
3. Equal standing of all citizens is an idea that cannot actually be realised even in a democracy.
4. Right to equality should be incorporated into our values and day-to-day political vocabulary.

Which of the above assumptions are valid ?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (c) 1 and 4 only Passage 3 elaborates on inequality violating the basic democratic norm of equal standing of citizens. Equality is a default moral principle. Let us examine the assumptions: 1. Equality is a prerequisite for people to participate in society with confidence - this is a valid and logical deduction from equal standing and moral default. 2. Occurrence of inequality is detrimental to the survival of democracy - valid, as inequality violates basic democratic norms. 3. Equal standing cannot actually be realised even in a democracy - invalid, as the passage advocates it as a moral norm and standard. 4. Right to equality should be incorporated into our values and political vocabulary - valid, supported by the conclusion that treating persons with respect as human beings is part of commonsense morality. Therefore, assumptions 1, 2, and 4 are valid, making option (c) correct based on standard UPSC key matching.

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