On the basis of the passage given above, the following assumptions have been made :
1. People who are obsessed with personal hygiene tend to ignore the community hygiene.
2. Emergence of multi-drug resistant germs can be prevented by personal cleanliness.
3. Entry of the market in the domain of hygiene increases the risk of infectious diseases.
4. Scientific and micro-level interventions are not sufficient to bring down the burden of infectious diseases.
5. It is community hygiene implemented through public health measures that is really effective in the battle against infectious diseases.

Which of the above assumptions are valid ?

Correct Option: (c) 4 and 5 only

Let us evaluate the assumptions based on the passage: 1. The passage states that the obsession with hand hygiene overrides negative impacts on ecology, but it does not claim that people obsessed with personal hygiene tend to ignore community hygiene (Assumption 1 is invalid). 2. The passage states that obsession with personal hygiene leads to the emergence of resistant germs, so personal cleanliness does not prevent multi-drug resistant germs; rather, it can contribute to them (Assumption 2 is invalid). 3. The passage mentions market entry creates a false sense of security and obsession with hand hygiene, but it does not state that the entry of the market increases the risk of infectious diseases (poverty and unhygienic conditions do) (Assumption 3 is invalid). 4. The passage indicates that personal hygiene alone is not enough and general environmental improvements, clean water, and sanitation are needed, implying micro-level/personal interventions are insufficient by themselves (Assumption 4 is valid). 5. The passage emphasizes that along with personal hygiene, general environmental conditions, clean water, and public health measures brought down infection rates significantly, supporting the effectiveness of community hygiene through public health measures (Assumption 5 is valid). Therefore, assumptions 4 and 5 are valid, matching option (c).