By the time children reach class 8, the bulk of them tend to be in the age range of 13 years to 15 years. But in our country, about a quarter of all children in class 8 struggle with reading simple texts and more than half are still unable to do basic arithmetic operations like division. Every year about 25 million young boys and girls from elementary school move into the life that lies for them beyond compulsory schooling. They cannot enter the workforce at least in the organized sector till they are 18. For many families, these children are the first from their families ever to get this far in school. Parents and children expect that such 'graduates' from school will go on to high school and college. Hardly anyone wants to go back to agriculture. On the other hand, abilities in terms of academic competencies are far lower than they should be even based on curricular expectations of class 8.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. For effective school education, parents have greater role than the governments.
2. School curriculum that conforms to today's requirements and is uniform for the entire country may address the issues brought out.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

Question

By the time children reach class 8, the bulk of them tend to be in the age range of 13 years to 15 years. But in our country, about a quarter of all children in class 8 struggle with reading simple texts and more than half are still unable to do basic arithmetic operations like division. Every year about 25 million young boys and girls from elementary school move into the life that lies for them beyond compulsory schooling. They cannot enter the workforce at least in the organized sector till they are 18. For many families, these children are the first from their families ever to get this far in school. Parents and children expect that such 'graduates' from school will go on to high school and college. Hardly anyone wants to go back to agriculture. On the other hand, abilities in terms of academic competencies are far lower than they should be even based on curricular expectations of class 8.

Based on the above passage, the following assumptions have been made:
1. For effective school education, parents have greater role than the governments.
2. School curriculum that conforms to today's requirements and is uniform for the entire country may address the issues brought out.

Which of the assumptions given above is/are valid?

Accepted Answer

Correct Option: (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Assumption 1 states that parents have a greater role in effective school education than governments. While the passage mentions parents' high academic expectations for their children, it does not compare or establish that the role of parents is superior to or more significant than that of governments in providing quality schooling. Thus, Assumption 1 is invalid. Assumption 2 states that a school curriculum conforming to today's requirements and being uniform nationwide may address the issues. The passage discusses that learning outcomes are lower than expected by the curriculum of class 8, but it never assumes or implies that a 'uniform country-wide curriculum' will solve the core issues of reading and arithmetic deficits. Therefore, neither of the assumptions is valid. The correct option is (d).

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