Which of the following leaf modifications occurs/occur in desert areas to inhibit water loss?
1. Hard and waxy leaves
2. Tiny leaves or no leaves
3. Thorns instead of leaves
Select the correct answer using the codes given below.

Correct Option: 1, 2 and 3

Desert plants (xerophytes) exhibit several morphological adaptations to minimize transpiration. These include thick waxy cuticle layers on hard leaves, reduced leaf surface area (tiny leaves or leaflessness), and modification of leaves into spines or thorns.